How Gulen Shaped Modern Turkey

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Post on Oct 25, 2024

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How Fethullah Gülen Shaped Modern Turkey: A Complex Legacy

Fethullah Gülen, the Turkish cleric who lives in self-imposed exile in the US, has undeniably left a lasting impact on modern Turkey. His influence has been felt in education, politics, and society, but also sparked controversy and even violence. Let's unpack his complex legacy.

The Rise of Gülen and His Hizmet Movement

Gülen, a charismatic preacher, began his career in the 1970s. He preached a message of tolerance, interfaith dialogue, and education, attracting a large following, particularly among young people. This movement, known as Hizmet (meaning "service"), established schools and educational institutions across Turkey and internationally. His vision, "a community of faith that is also a community of light," resonated with many, even those outside the Muslim faith.

Gülen's Influence on Turkish Society

Hizmet's network expanded rapidly, reaching into many sectors of Turkish life. They were involved in social service, charity work, and even business, fostering a sense of community and civic engagement. Gülen's supporters were known for their hard work and dedication, becoming influential in academia, the media, and even the police and judiciary.

The Turning Point: The Gülen-Erdogan Rift

But the honeymoon didn't last. Gülen's growing influence clashed with the ambitions of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who rose to power in 2003. Their once-close relationship soured, with Erdoğan accusing Gülen and his followers of being a "parallel state" seeking to undermine his authority.

The 2016 Coup Attempt and its Aftermath

The relationship between Gülen and Erdoğan reached a boiling point in 2016 with a failed coup attempt that left hundreds dead. The government immediately blamed Gülen, who denied any involvement, but this accusation solidified the government's narrative and led to a crackdown on Gülen's followers. Hundreds of thousands were purged from the military, police, and judiciary, while many others were arrested or fled the country. This crackdown deepened the divide in Turkish society, leaving a legacy of mistrust and political polarization.

A Complex Legacy: Evaluating Gülen's Impact

Gülen's impact on modern Turkey is undeniable, but it's also complex. His emphasis on education and tolerance, his contributions to Turkish society, and the global reach of Hizmet are all positive aspects of his legacy. However, his role in the 2016 coup attempt and the subsequent crackdown have left a dark stain. His influence continues to be a source of tension in Turkish politics, leaving many wondering about his true intentions and the future of his movement.

The legacy of Fethullah Gülen remains a subject of debate, but his influence on modern Turkey is undeniable. His story highlights the delicate balance between progress and power, and the challenges of reconciling the diverse aspirations of a nation.